Lost Task Manager? alternate solution!

It is often happens the very annoying alert message in the windows operating system, "Task manager has been disabled by the administrator!" really??. This is because of some malicious program being run in the back ground and it is normally invisible to the user. The only easy way to monitor this simply the task manager! right?. Task manager is a graphic tool used to monitor the current running process and applications and related details of these.

it is happy to know that the malicious program writers or the virus writers are really scare with this Task manager. A experienced administrator can easily find out
with the help of this task manager what are the suspected programs running in the background other than the normal programs. consequently their program process could be stopped by the administrator. In order to prevent this these ugly guys often programmed into disable the task manager.

Task manager can be re enabled in a file using "gpedit.msc" in the administrative templates that is there.But the "ugly" writers are more than of that when we re enable the task manager, within seconds or less than of second they will disappear it again.This means the malicious program still running in the background and must be stopped right?

Here is the solution...
netstat command could be used for alternative of to identify what are the program running in the background according to their name,memory usage and process ID.
here is a brief description of netstat with very useful options.


netstat -anbo

-n Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form.
-o Displays the owning process ID associated with each connection
-a Displays all connections and listening ports
-b Displays the executable involved in creating each connection or
listening port.


the above command in the cmd will result a detailed status of the program with name, process id, including the dll fles etc.

simply use the process id to input to the "tskill" command.

ex.
tskill 8299

where 8299 will be the process id of suspected process.And this is one of the ways you can achieve this task right?.

Sending SMS in C#.NET using GSM Modem and AT(ATtention) Commands.

SMS (Short Message Service )as specified by the ETSI organization (Documents GSM 3.38, 3.40) can be up to 160 characters long.Each character in the message is represented by a seven bit default alphabet.8 bit messages(MAX 140 character) are usually used for sending data's like image and ring tones etc in smart messaging .16 bit messages (70 character) are used for UCS2 text messages in which a 16 bit text message of class zero will appear as a flash SMS or alert SMS in some Phones.It is strongly recommended that you read all the above specified documents.

There are two ways of sending and receiving SMS messages:

1.PDU (Protocol Description Unit) mode,
2.Text Mode(Unavailable on some phones eg: SonyEricsson Cybershot k810i).

It should be noted that there are several encoding alternatives for displaying an SMS message Out of which some of the common options are "PCCP437","PCDN","8859-1","IRA" and "GSM".This are set by AT Commands (AT+CSCS) when trying to read the message using a computer application.If you read the message on your phone ,phone will choose appropriate encoding.
If text mode is used the application is limited by a set of preset encoding options.If PDU mode is used any encoding can be implemented.we explain PDU mode in detail here.

PDU format
==========

The PDU string is a collection of meta information a PDU string would contain information about sender,information about his/her SMS service centre, timestamps ,the actual message itself .The PDU string consist of hexa-decimal octets and decimal semi-octets.The following is an example of a PDU string which represents an message "hellohello":

Sending a Message to in PDU format to phone number 9447537254
==============================================================
079119492490997911000C911949743527450000AA0AE8329BFB4697D9EC37

The above PDU message consists of the following:

07 ->Length of SMS Service Centre Number. in this case 7 octet.

91 ->Represents international format. If unknown 81 is used.

194924909979 ->Message Centre address in decimal semi-octets.

11 ->First octet of the SMS-SUBMIT message.

00 ->TP Message Reference This value lets the phone set the message reference
number itself.

0C ->Length of Sender Phone number.

91 ->Represents international format of the phone number.

194974352745 -> Represents Sender phone number in decimal semi-octets.

00 ->Default Protocol identifier.

00 ->Default Data Coding scheme.

AA ->TP Validity period. AA-means 4 days note that this octet is optional.

0A ->TP length of message in Hexa-decimal.

E8329BFB4697D9EC37 -> User data in hexa-decimal in this case "hellohello".


Description
===========

Decimal semi octet?

For example Consider the phone number 919447537254.The corresponding decimal semi-octet is calculated by simply swapping each pair as follows :

91 - ie 19
94 - 49
47 - 74
53 - 35
72 - 27
54 - 45

Creating user data ?

The message "hellohello" consist of 10 characters each represented by septets(7 bit each).Before SMS transfer this septets must be transformed in to octets.

Example
======

First take the decimal equivalent of each character and convert it to 7 bit binary equivalent.


Alphabet ------Decimal----------------Septet
=====================================
h ---------------------->104 ----------------------------- >1101000
e ---------------------->101 ----------------------------- >1100101
l ---------------------->108 ----------------------------- >1101100
l ---------------------->108 ----------------------------- >1101100
o ---------------------->111 ----------------------------- >1101111
h ---------------------->104 ----------------------------- >1101000
e ---------------------->101 ----------------------------- >1100101
l ---------------------->108 ----------------------------- >1101100
l ---------------------->108 ----------------------------- >1101100
o ---------------------->111 ----------------------------- >1101111

Next convert the 7bit binay to 8 bit binary as follows:

The first septet(h) is turned in to an octet by adding the right most bit of the second septet this bit is inserted to the left which yields 1+110100 =11101000(E8).The right most bit of the second character is then consumed , so the second character (septet) needs two bits of the third charecter to make an 8 bit octet.This process is continued yielding the following octets.(It should be noted that there are only 9 octets for 10 septets).

Septet-----------------Octet----------------Hex
==============================================
1101000 ---------------------->11101000 -------------->E8
1100101 ---------------------->00110010-------------->32
1101100 ---------------------->10011011 -------------->9B
1101100 ---------------------->11111101 -------------->FD
1101111 ---------------------->01000110 -------------->46
1101000 ---------------------->10010111 -------------->97
1100101 ---------------------->11011001 -------------->D9
1101100 ----------------------- ----------- -----------------
1101100 ---------------------->11101100 -------------->EC
1101111 ---------------------->110111 ------------------>37

There for the message "hellohello" is converted in to the 9 octets "E8 32 9B FD 46 97 D9 EC 37" .

Useful AT Commands for Sending SMS :

NB: "\r" should be supplied for the command to be executed"

AT\r - Text Communication between phone and any accessories .Determines the presence of a phone

AT+CMGF=0 -> Tells the TA that PDU mode is used. AT+CMGF=? shows if the command is supported by the phone .the response will be of the form +CMGF:(List of Supporting Modes eg:0,1)
AT+CSCA? -> Command for retrieving message centre address.The response will be of the form +CSCA: followed by the message centre address.
AT+CMGS - >AT command for sending message from a TE to the network (SMS-SUBMIT).The command should specify the length of actual TP data unit in octet (excluding SMSC address octet) followed by the actual PDU string.(eg: AT+CMGS="length in octet"\r"Actual PDU" Ctrl^ Z. The decimal equivalent of Ctrl ^Z is 26 , simply convert it to char at the end of PDU string)

Receiving SMS in PDU format
============================

Receiving SMS is a little bit tricky .The following Decoding process may be followed:




DOWNLOAD sample project here

Useful links:
http://www.dreamfabric.com/sms/
http://www.developershome.com/sms/atCommandsIntro.asp

AT command set for SONY ERICSSON

The GSM modem will respond in 2 ways, "ERROR" will be returned if the AT command is not supported.If the command is executed successfully an OK will be returned after the response text.(You can use communicate with "GSM" modem via either "Hyperterminal" or cable (Serial port Communication[Java,.NET, Sending and recieving SMS programmatically] ).

e.g AT+CBC=?
response text will be of the form->
+CBC :(0,2),(0-100)
OK


List of AT Commands
--------------------------

1. AT Attention command
2. AT* List all supported AT commands
3. ATZ Restore to user profile (ver. 2)
4. AT&F Set to factory-defined configuration (ver. 2)
5. ATI Identification information (ver. 3)
6. AT&W Store user profile
7. AT+CLAC List all available AT commands
   
8. AT+CGMI Request manufacturer identification (ver. 1)
   
9. AT+CGMM Request model identification
   
10. AT+CGMR Request revision identification
11. AT+CGSN Request product serial number identification
12. AT+GCAP Request modem capabilities list
13. AT+GMI Request manufacturer information
14. AT+GMM Request model identification
15. AT+GMR Request revision identification
16. ATA Answer incoming call command (ver. 2)
17. ATH Hook control (ver. 2)
18. ATD Dial command (ver. 5)
19. ATO Return to online data mode
20. AT+CVHU Voice hangup control
21. AT+CLCC List current calls
22. AT*CPI Call progress information
23. ATE Command echo (ver. 2)
24. ATSO Automatic answer control
25. ATS2 Escape sequence character
26. ATS3 Command line termination character (ver. 3)
27. ATS4 Response formatting character (ver. 3)
28. ATS5 Command line editing character (ver. 3)
29. ATS7 Completion connection timeout
30. ATS10 Automatic disconnect delay control
31. ATQ Result code suppression (ver. 2)
32. ATV DCE response mode (ver. 2)
33. ATX Call progress monitoring control
34. AT&C Circuit 109 (DCD) control
35. AT&D Circuit 108 (DTR) response
36. AT+IFC Cable interface DTE-DCE local flow control
37. AT+ICF Cable interface character format (ver. 2)
38. AT+IPR Cable interface port rate
39. AT+ILRR Cable interface local rate reporting
40. AT+DS Data compression (ver. 3)
41. AT+DR Data compression reporting
42. AT+WS46 Mode selection
43. AT+FCLASS Select mode
44. AT*ECBP CHF button pushed (ver. 2)
45. AT+CMUX Switch to 07.10 multiplexer (ver. 2)
46. AT*EINA Ericsson system interface active
47. AT*SEAM Add menu item
48. AT*SESAF SEMC show and focus
49. AT*SELERT SEMC create alert (information text)
50. AT*SESTRI SEMC create string Input
51. AT*SELIST SEMC create list
52. AT*SETICK SEMC create ticker
53. AT*SEDATE SEMC create date field
54. AT*SEGAUGE SEMC create gauge (bar graph/progress feedback)
55. AT*SEGUP SEMC update gauge (bar graph/ progress feedback)
56. AT*SEONO SEMC create on/off input
57. AT*SEYNQ SEMC create yes/no question
58. AT*SEDEL SEMC GUI delete
59. AT*SESLE SEMC soft key label (ver. 1)
60. AT*SERSK SEMC remove soft key
61. AT*SEUIS SEMC UI session establish/terminate
62. AT*EIBA Ericsson Internal Bluetooth address
63. AT+BINP Bluetooth input
64. AT+BLDN Bluetooth last dialled number
65. AT+BVRA Bluetooth voice recognition activation
66. AT+NREC Noise reduction and echo cancelling
67. AT+VGM Gain of microphone
68. AT+VGS Gain of speaker
69. AT+BRSF Bluetooth retrieve supported
70. AT+GCLIP Graphical caller ID presentation
71. AT+CSCS Select TE character set (ver. 3)
72. AT+CHUP Hang up call
73. AT+CRC Cellular result codes (ver. 2)
74. AT+CR Service reporting control
75. AT+CV120 V.120 rate adaption protocol
76. AT+VTS DTMF and tone generation
77. AT+CBST Select bearer service type (ver. 3)
78. AT+CRLP Radio link protocol (ver. 2)
79. AT+CEER Extended error report (ver. 2)
80. AT+CHSD HSCSD device parameters (ver. 2)
81. AT+CHSN HSCSD non-transparent call configuration (ver. 2)
82. AT+CHSC HSCSD current call parameters (ver. 2)
83. AT+CHSR HSCSD parameters report (ver. 2)
84. AT+CHSU HSCSD automatic user-initiated upgrade
85. AT+CNUM Subscriber number (ver. 2)
86. AT+CREG Network registration (ver. 2)
87. AT+COPS Operator selection (ver. 2)
88. AT+CLIP Calling line identification (ver. 2)
89. AT+CLIR Calling line identification restriction
90. AT+CCFC Calling forwarding number and conditions (ver. 2)
91. AT+CCWA Call waiting (ver. 2)
92. AT+CHLD Call hold and multiparty (ver. 1)
93. AT+CSSN Supplementary service notification (ver. 2)
94. AT+CAOC Advice of charge
95. AT+CACM Accumulated call meter (ver. 2)
96. AT+CAMM Accumulated call meter maximum
97. AT+CDIP Called line identification presentation
98. AT+COLP Connected line identification presentation
99. AT+CPOL Preferred operator list
100. AT+COPN Read operator names
101. AT*EDIF Divert function (ver. 2)
102. AT*EIPS Identify presentation set
103. AT+CUSD Unstructured supplementary service data (ver. 2)
104. AT+CLCK Facility lock (ver. 5)
105. AT+CPWD Change password (Ver. 3)
106. AT+CFUN Set phone functionality (ver. 2)
107. AT+CPAS Phone activity status (ver. 3)
108. AT+CPIN PIN control (ver. 2)
109. AT+CBC Battery charge (ver. 2)
110. AT+CSQ Signal quality (ver.1)
111. AT+CKPD Keypad control (ver. 7)
112. AT+CIND Indicator control (ver. 5)
113. AT+CMAR Master reset
114. AT+CMER Mobile equipment event reporting
115. AT*ECAM Ericsson call monitoring (ver. 2)
116. AT+CLAN Language
117. AT*EJAVA Ericsson Java application function
118. AT+CSIL Silence Command
119. AT*ESKL Key-lock mode
120. AT*ESKS Key sound
121. AT*EAPP Application function (ver. 5)
122. AT+CMEC Mobile equipment control mode
123. AT+CRSM Restricted SIM access
124. AT*EKSE Ericsson keystroke send
125. AT+CRSL Ringer sound level (ver. 2)
126. AT+CLVL Loudspeaker volume level
127. AT+CMUT Mute control
128. AT*EMEM Ericsson memory management
129. AT+CRMP Ring melody playback (ver. 2)
130. AT*EKEY Keypad/joystick control (ver. 2)
131. AT*ECDF Ericsson change dedicated file
132. AT*STKC SIM application toolkit configuration
133. AT*STKE SIM application toolkit envelope command send
134. AT*STKR SIM application toolkit command response
135. AT+CMEE Report mobile equipment error
136. AT+CSMS Select message service (ver.2)
137. AT+CPMS Preferred message storage (ver. 4)
138. AT+CMGF Message format (ver. 1)
139. AT+CSCA Service centre address (ver. 2)
140. AT+CSAS Save settings
141. AT+CRES Restore settings
142. AT+CNMI New messages indication to TE (ver. 4)
143. AT+CMGL List message (ver. 2)
144. AT+CMGR Read message (ver. 2)
145. AT+CMGS Send message (ver. 2)
146. AT+CMSS Send from storage (ver. 2)
147. AT+CMGW Write message to memory (ver. 2)
148. AT+CMGD Delete message
149. AT+CMGC Send command (ver. 1)
150. AT+CMMS More messages to send
151. AT+CGDCONT Define PDP context (ver. 1)
152. AT+CGSMS Select service for MO SMS messages
153. AT+CGATT Packet service attach or detach
154. AT+CGACT PDP context activate or deactivate
155. AT+CGDATA Enter data state
156. AT+CGEREP Packet domain event reporting (ver. 1)
157. AT+CGREG Packet domain network registration status
158. AT+CGPADDR Show PDP address
159. AT+CGDSCONT Define secondary PDP context
160. AT+CGTFT Traffic flow template
161. AT+CGEQREQ 3G quality of service profile (requested)
162. AT+CGEQMIN 3G quality of service profile (minimum acceptable)
163. AT+CGEQNEG 3G quality of service profile (negotiated)
164. AT+CGCMOD PDP context modify
165. Extension of ATD – Request GPRS service
166. Extension of ATD – Request packet domain IP service
167. AT+CPBS Phonebook storage (ver. 3)
168. AT+CPBR Phonebook read (ver. 2)
169. AT+CPBF Phonebook find (ver. 2)
170. AT+CPBW Phonebook write (ver. 4)
171. AT+CCLK Clock (ver. 4)
172. AT+CALA Alarm (ver. 3)
173. AT+CALD Alarm delete
174. AT+CAPD Postpone or dismiss an alarm (ver. 2)
175. AT*EDST Ericsson daylight saving time
176. AT+CIMI Request international mobile subscriber identity
177. AT*EPEE PIN event
178. AT*EAPS Active profile set
179. AT*EAPN Active profile rename
180. AT*EBCA Battery and charging algorithm (ver. 4)
181. AT*ELIB Ericsson list Bluetooth devices
182. AT*EVAA Voice answer active (ver. 1)
183. AT*EMWS Magic word set
184. AT+CPROT Enter protocol mode
185. AT*EWDT WAP download timeout
186. AT*EWBA WAP bookmark add (ver. 2)
187. AT*EWCT WAP connection timeout
188. AT*EIAC Internet account, create
189. AT*EIAD Internet account configuration, delete
190. AT*EIAW Internet account configuration, write general parameters
191. AT*EIAR Internet account configuration, read general parameters
192. AT*EIAPSW Internet account configuration, write PS bearer parameters
193. AT*EIAPSR Internet account configuration, read PS bearer parameters
194. AT*EIAPSSW Internet account configuration, write secondary PDP context parameters
195. AT*EIAPSSR Internet account configuration, read secondary PDP context parameters
196. AT*EIACSW Internet account configuration, write CSD bearer parameters
197. AT*EIACSR Internet account configuration, read CSD bearer parameters
198. AT*EIABTW Internet account configuration, write Bluetooth bearer parameters
199. AT*EIABTR Internet account configuration, read Bluetooth bearer parameters
200. AT*EIAAUW Internet account configuration, write authentication parameters
201. AT*EIAAUR Internet account configuration, read authentication parameters
202. AT*EIALCPW Internet account configuration, write PPP parameters – LCP
203. AT*EIALCPR Internet account configuration, read PPP parameters – LCP
204. AT*EIAIPCPW Internet account configuration, write PPP parameters – IPCP
205. AT*EIAIPCPR Internet account configuration, read PPP parameters – IPCP
206. AT*EIADNSV6W Internet account configuration, write DNS parameters – IPv6CP
207. AT*EIADNSV6R Internet account configuration, read DNS parameters – IPv6CP
208. AT*EIARUTW Internet account configuration, write routing table parameters
209. AT*EIARUTD Internet account configuration, delete routing table parameters
210. AT*EIARUTR Internet account configuration, read routing table parameters
211. AT*SEACC Accessory class report
212. AT*SEACID Accessory identification
213. AT*SEACID2 Accessory identification (Bluetooth)
214. AT*SEAUDIO Accessory class report
215. AT*SECHA Charging control
216. AT*SELOG SE read log
217. AT*SEPING SE ping command
218. AT*SEAULS SE audio line status
219. AT*SEFUNC SE functionality status (ver. 2)
220. AT*SEFIN SE flash Information
221. AT*SEFEXP Flash auto exposure setting from ME
222. AT*SEMOD Camera mode indicator to the flash
223. AT*SEREDI Red eye reduction indicator to the flash
224. AT*SEFRY Ready indicator to the ME
225. AT*SEAUP Sony Ericsson audio parameters
226. AT*SEVOL Volume level
227. AT*SEVOLIR Volume indication request
228. AT*SEBIC Status bar icon
229. AT*SEANT Antenna identification
230. AT*SESP Speakermode on/off
231. AT*SETBC Text to bitmap converter
232. AT*SEAVRC Sony Ericsson audio video remote control
233. AT*SEMMIR Sony Ericsson multimedia information request
234. AT*SEAPP Sony Ericsson application
235. AT*SEAPPIR Sony Ericsson application indication request
236. AT*SEJCOMM Sony Ericsson Java comm
237. AT*SEDUC Sony Ericsson disable USB charge
238. AT*SEABS Sony Ericsson accessory battery status
239. AT*SEAVRCIR Sony Ericsson audio video remote control indication request
240. AT*SEGPSA Sony Ericsson global positioning system accessory
241. AT*SEAUDIO Accessory class report
242. AT*SEGPSA Sony Ericsson global positioning system accessory
243. AT*SEAUDIO Accessory Class Report
244. AT*SEGPSA Sony Ericsson global positioning system accessory
245. AT*SETIR Sony Ericsson time information request
246. AT*SEMCM Sony Ericsson memory card management
247. AT*SEAUDIO Accessory Class Report

Windows Shortcut Keys

Run Commands:

Quote:
compmgmt.msc - Computer management
devmgmt.msc - Device manager
diskmgmt.msc - Disk management
dfrg.msc - Disk defrag
eventvwr.msc - Event viewer
fsmgmt.msc - Shared folders
gpedit.msc - Group policies
lusrmgr.msc - Local users and groups
perfmon.msc - Performance monitor
rsop.msc - Resultant set of policies
secpol.msc - Local security settings
services.msc - Various Services
msconfig - System Configuration Utility
regedit - Registry Editor
msinfo32 _ System Information
sysedit _ System Edit
win.ini _ windows loading information(also system.ini)
winver _ Shows current version of windows
mailto: _ Opens default email client
command _ Opens command prompt


Run Commands to access the control panel:

Quote:
Add/Remove Programs control appwiz.cpl
Date/Time Properties control timedate.cpl
Display Properties control desk.cpl
FindFast control findfast.cpl
Fonts Folder control fonts
Internet Properties control inetcpl.cpl
Keyboard Properties control main.cpl keyboard
Mouse Properties control main.cpl
Multimedia Properties control mmsys.cpl
Network Properties control netcpl.cpl
Password Properties control password.cpl
Printers Folder control printers
Sound Properties control mmsys.cpl sounds
System Properties control sysdm.cpl



Command Prompt:

Quote:
ANSI.SYS Defines functions that change display graphics, control cursor movement, and reassign keys.
APPEND Causes MS-DOS to look in other directories when editing a file or running a command.
ARP Displays, adds, and removes arp information from network devices.
ASSIGN Assign a drive letter to an alternate letter.
ASSOC View the file associations.
AT Schedule a time to execute commands or programs.
ATMADM Lists connections and addresses seen by Windows ATM call manager.
ATTRIB Display and change file attributes.
BATCH Recovery console command that executes a series of commands in a file.
BOOTCFG Recovery console command that allows a user to view, modify, and rebuild the boot.ini
BREAK Enable / disable CTRL + C feature.
CACLS View and modify file ACL's.
CALL Calls a batch file from another batch file.
CD Changes directories.
CHCP Supplement the International keyboard and character set information.
CHDIR Changes directories.
CHKDSK Check the hard disk drive running FAT for errors.
CHKNTFS Check the hard disk drive running NTFS for errors.
CHOICE Specify a listing of multiple options within a batch file.
CLS Clears the screen.
CMD Opens the command interpreter.
COLOR Easily change the foreground and background color of the MS-DOS window.
COMP Compares files.
COMPACT Compresses and uncompress files.
CONTROL Open control panel icons from the MS-DOS prompt.
CONVERT Convert FAT to NTFS.
COPY Copy one or more files to an alternate location.
CTTY Change the computers input/output devices.
DATE View or change the systems date.
DEBUG Debug utility to create assembly programs to modify hardware settings.
DEFRAG Re-arrange the hard disk drive to help with loading programs.
DEL Deletes one or more files.
DELETE Recovery console command that deletes a file.
DELTREE Deletes one or more files and/or directories.
DIR List the contents of one or more directory.
DISABLE Recovery console command that disables Windows system services or drivers.
DISKCOMP Compare a disk with another disk.
DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one disk and place them on another disk.
DOSKEY Command to view and execute commands that have been run in the past.
DOSSHELL A GUI to help with early MS-DOS users.
DRIVPARM Enables overwrite of original device drivers.
ECHO Displays messages and enables and disables echo.
EDIT View and edit files.
EDLIN View and edit files.
EMM386 Load extended Memory Manager.
ENABLE Recovery console command to enable a disable service or driver.
ENDLOCAL Stops the localization of the environment changes enabled by the setlocal command.
ERASE Erase files from computer.
EXIT Exit from the command interpreter.
EXPAND Expand a M*cros*ft Windows file back to it's original format.
EXTRACT Extract files from the M*cros*ft Windows cabinets.
FASTHELP Displays a listing of MS-DOS commands and information about them.
FC Compare files.
FDISK Utility used to create partitions on the hard disk drive.
FIND Search for text within a file.
FINDSTR Searches for a string of text within a file.
FIXBOOT Writes a new boot sector.
FIXMBR Writes a new boot record to a disk drive.
FOR Boolean used in batch files.
FORMAT Command to erase and prepare a disk drive.
FTP Command to connect and operate on a FTP server.
FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations.
GOTO Moves a batch file to a specific label or location.
GRAFTABL Show extended characters in graphics mode.
HELP Display a listing of commands and brief explanation.
IF Allows for batch files to perform conditional processing.
IFSHLP.SYS 32-bit file manager.
IPCONFIG Network command to view network adapter settings and assigned values.
KEYB Change layout of keyboard.
LABEL Change the label of a disk drive.
LH Load a device driver in to high memory.
LISTSVC Recovery console command that displays the services and drivers.
LOADFIX Load a program above the first 64k.
LOADHIGH Load a device driver in to high memory.
LOCK Lock the hard disk drive.
LOGON Recovery console command to list installations and enable administrator login.
MAP Displays the device name of a drive.
MD Command to create a new directory.
MEM Display memory on system.
MKDIR Command to create a new directory.
MODE Modify the port or display settings.
MORE Display one page at a time.
MOVE Move one or more files from one directory to another directory.
MSAV Early M*cros*ft Virus scanner.
MSD Diagnostics utility.
MSCDEX Utility used to load and provide access to the CD-ROM.
NBTSTAT Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT
NET Update, fix, or view the network or network settings
NETSH Configure dynamic and static network information from MS-DOS.
NETSTAT Display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
NLSFUNC Load country specific information.
NSLOOKUP Look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network.
PATH View and modify the computers path location.
PATHPING View and locate locations of network latency.
PAUSE Command used in batch files to stop the processing of a command.
PING Test / send information to another network computer or network device.
POPD Changes to the directory or network path stored by the pushd command.
POWER Conserve power with computer portables.
PRINT Prints data to a printer port.
PROMPT View and change the MS-DOS prompt.
PUSHD Stores a directory or network path in memory so it can be returned to at any time.
QBASIC Open the QBasic.
RD Removes an empty directory.
REN Renames a file or directory.
RENAME Renames a file or directory.
RMDIR Removes an empty directory.
ROUTE View and configure windows network route tables.
RUNAS Enables a user to execute a program on another computer.
SCANDISK Run the scandisk utility.
SCANREG Scan registry and recover registry from errors.
SET Change one variable or string to another.
SETLOCAL Enables local environments to be changed without affecting anything else.
SETVER Change MS-DOS version to trick older MS-DOS programs.
SHARE Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities.
SHIFT Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch program.
SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer from the MS-DOS prompt.
SMARTDRV Create a disk cache in conventional memory or extended memory.
SORT Sorts the input and displays the output to the screen.
START Start a separate window in Windows from the MS-DOS prompt.
SUBST Substitute a folder on your computer for another drive letter.
SWITCHES Remove add functions from MS-DOS.
SYS Transfer system files to disk drive.
TELNET Telnet to another computer / device from the prompt.
TIME View or modify the system time.
TITLE Change the title of their MS-DOS window.
TRACERT Visually view a network packets route across a network.
TREE View a visual tree of the hard disk drive.
TYPE Display the contents of a file.
UNDELETE Undelete a file that has been deleted.
UNFORMAT Unformat a hard disk drive.
UNLOCK Unlock a disk drive.
VER Display the version information.
VERIFY Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have been written properly.
VOL Displays the volume information about the designated drive.
XCOPY Copy multiple files, directories, and/or drives from one location to another.
TRUENAME When placed before a file, will display the whole directory in which it exists
TASKKILL It allows you to kill those unneeded or locked up applications




Windows XP Shortcuts:

Quote:
ALT+- (ALT+hyphen) Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) child window's System menu
ALT+ENTER View properties for the selected item
ALT+ESC Cycle through items in the order they were opened
ALT+F4 Close the active item, or quit the active program
ALT+SPACEBAR Display the System menu for the active window
ALT+TAB Switch between open items
ALT+Underlined letter Display the corresponding menu
BACKSPACE View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer
CTRL+A Select all
CTRL+B Bold
CTRL+C Copy
CTRL+I Italics
CTRL+O Open an item
CTRL+U Underline
CTRL+V Paste
CTRL+X Cut
CTRL+Z Undo
CTRL+F4 Close the active document
CTRL while dragging Copy selected item
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging Create shortcut to selected iteM
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word
CTRL+LEFT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word
CTRL+DOWN ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph
CTRL+UP ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph
SHIFT+DELETE Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin
ESC Cancel the current task
F1 Displays Help
F2 Rename selected item
F3 Search for a file or folder
F4 Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer
F5 Refresh the active window
F6 Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop
F10 Activate the menu bar in the active program
SHIFT+F10 Display the shortcut menu for the selected item
CTRL+ESC Display the Start menu
SHIFT+CTRL+ESC Launches Task Manager
SHIFT when you insert a CD Prevent the CD from automatically playing
WIN Display or hide the Start menu
WIN+BREAK Display the System Properties dialog box
WIN+D Minimizes all Windows and shows the Desktop
WIN+E Open Windows Explorer
WIN+F Search for a file or folder
WIN+F+CTRL Search for computers
WIN+L Locks the desktop
WIN+M Minimize or restore all windows
WIN+R Open the Run dialog box
WIN+TAB Switch between open items




Windows Explorer Shortcuts:

Quote:
ALT+SPACEBAR - Display the current window’s system menu
SHIFT+F10 - Display the item's context menu
CTRL+ESC - Display the Start menu
ALT+TAB - Switch to the window you last used
ALT+F4 - Close the current window or quit
CTRL+A - Select all items
CTRL+X - Cut selected item(s)
CTRL+C - Copy selected item(s)
CTRL+V - Paste item(s)
CTRL+Z - Undo last action
CTRL+(+) - Automatically resize the columns in the right hand pane
TAB - Move forward through options
ALT+RIGHT ARROW - Move forward to a previous view
ALT+LEFT ARROW - Move backward to a previous view
SHIFT+DELETE - Delete an item immediately
BACKSPACE - View the folder one level up
ALT+ENTER - View an item’s properties
F10 - Activate the menu bar in programs
F6 - Switch between left and right panes
F5 - Refresh window contents
F3 - Display Find application
F2 - Rename selected item




Internet Explorer Shortcuts:

Quote:
CTRL+A - Select all items on the current page
CTRL+D - Add the current page to your Favorites
CTRL+E - Open the Search bar
CTRL+F - Find on this page
CTRL+H - Open the History bar
CTRL+I - Open the Favorites bar
CTRL+N - Open a new window
CTRL+O - Go to a new location
CTRL+P - Print the current page or active frame
CTRL+S - Save the current page
CTRL+W - Close current browser window
CTRL+ENTER - Adds the http://www. (url) .com
SHIFT+CLICK - Open link in new window
BACKSPACE - Go to the previous page
ALT+HOME - Go to your Home page
HOME - Move to the beginning of a document
TAB - Move forward through items on a page
END - Move to the end of a document
ESC - Stop downloading a page
F11 - Toggle full-screen view
F5 - Refresh the current page
F4 - Display list of typed addresses
F6 - Change Address bar and page focus
ALT+RIGHT ARROW - Go to the next page
SHIFT+CTRL+TAB - Move back between frames
SHIFT+F10 - Display a shortcut menu for a link
SHIFT+TAB - Move back through the items on a page
CTRL+TAB - Move forward between frames
CTRL+C - Copy selected items to the clipboard
CTRL+V - Insert contents of the clipboard
ENTER - Activate a selected link
HOME - Move to the beginning of a document
END - Move to the end of a document
F1 - Display Internet Explorer Help

Dual Booting

Dual Boot Vista and XP with Vista already installed

Introduction
If you want to install Vista onto an XP computer, try the reverse tutorial: (XP already installed)

I'm not going to post any stats on XP, if you're running Vista, you certainly can run XP

*You will need your XP and Vista installation discs!

Step 1 - Partition the Drive:
Vista comes with a nice partitioning tool, so i'll be using it instead of partition magic this time around.
-right-click computer under the start menu and choose "manage"



-right-click the drive you want to partition, and select "Shrink Partition"
-The amount you shrink the partition is the amount of space used for the XP partition, so i would suggest making it at least 3-

4GB in size, as a full XP installation will take 1.5GB on it's own.

-now right-click the unallocated memory and select new basic partition.



-Choose NTFS file system, this will save formatting before installation.
-name the drive anything you like, i chose "XP"
-click next on the rest of the screens and finish.

once the formatting is finished you will have something like this:



*this new partition is where your XP installation will go, so take note of it's location, in case there are multiple partitions

on the drive (there will now be atleast 2).

Step 2 - Install XP:



wait while XP installs (I won't go into detail, there are many tutorials on this, and it is reasonably straight forward)



Now that XP has installed, it attempts to boot for the first time... all goes fine, video settings, networking, then the lovely


Step 3 - Fix Boot Loader:
Vista will load the GUI files, and then display the loading splash screen.

-Click "Next" on the first screen
-Once the "Install Now" menu (do not click Install Now) choose "Repair Your Computer":




-You will be prompted to choose the OS to repair. Don't worry if Vista is the only OS that shows up, even after a search.


click "Next"

-I realize there is a "Fix Startup" option, but it's been my experience that it doesn't work, and this method will.
-choose to open a "Command Prompt":



type in the command prompt the following 2 lines (separatly):
Bootrec.exe /fixMBR
Bootrec.exe /fixBoot



-close the prompt and restart
-now that Vista controls your boot loader, the process is mostly finished, now we need to inform Vista that XP is installed, as

to enable the boot loader selection screen.
*There are programs such as VistaBootPRO that will do this for you, but it requires .NET framework, etc, so I did it the manual

way.



Step 4 - Edit boot.ini:
In Vista, the boot.ini is not editable directly, as the file itself is hard to locate, so we will be modifying it through "Boot

Configuration Data Store Editor" bcdedit.exe:
(Just as an explanation, the loader type for XP is an NT Loader, hence the use of ntldr)

-first open a command prompt with administrative privilages (right-click and choose "run as administrator")
*Note the following 2 answers from bcdedit for each item are acceptable:
"The Operation Completed Successfully"
"The Specified Entry Already Exists"
Be sure to type each line carefully (replace C in the first line with the drive containing your Vista installation):
bcdedit –set {ntldr} device partition=C:
bcdedit –set {ntldr} path \ntldr
bcdedit –displayorder {ntldr} –addlast
bcdedit -set {ntldr} description "Microsoft Windows XP"

The completed bcdedit file should resemble this:



-This will correctly add XP to your boot sequence, and even name it properly instead of "Earlier Version of Windows"
-the displayorder line also allows the entry to be visible under the advanced settings of your computer properties.



Vista is the default boot, if you wish to change this to XP it can be done by setting {current} to addlast, or under the computer

-> properties -> advanced settings.

If all done properly, XP and Vista will dual boot properly!

How to enable AHCI : Windows XP

In case your your XP installation was done using IDE mode, and you decide to use AHCI for what ever reason, don’t worry. You can do that without reinstalling your Windows XP. This trick might usefull to for those who are confuse / lazy / afraid / to slipstream AHCI driver into WinXP installation disc.

• Start Device Manager (Right click on My Computer –> Property –> Hardware –> Device Manager

• Right click on Primary IDE channel and choose Update Driver

• • Choose No, not at this time
  • Install a list or specific location (advance)
  • Don’t search. I will choose the driver to install

• • Have Disk
  • use AHCI driver (provided by manufacturer or download from net), in my case Acer 4530 provide AHCI driver for WinXP

• Then, restart your computer/notebook
• Enter BIOS (F2 usually for most notebook or DEL for most PC)
• Change your SATA Mode to AHCI (instead of IDE)
• Start your Computer (Windows)

Done.

———————————————-

Alternative Solution – Credit to Steve

I took a slightly different approach.
1) Get SATA drivers for Windows (whatever flavour you use)
2) Control Panel, Add New Hardware.
3) Yes, already connected, browse to the bottom, hit “add a new device”
4) No, point it to the directory of your SATA drivers
5) Choose your driver from the list that returns. (Mine was the nVidia SATA controller)
6) Uninstall other standard IDE controllers.
7) Reboot and enter your BIOS
8)Change to AHCI mode
9) Boot to Windows… which finds the *ACTUAL* AHCI controller, and installs the same driver as what you chose in step 5.
10) Windows wants to reboot. Do that.
11) Go to Device Manager and then uninstall the AHCI controller that you installed (there will be two or more now, but you want to get rid of the one with the exclamation mark)
12) Success!

That was a *LOT* easier than what I thought it would. After reading many guides on how to do it with Intel chipsets with home-made registry entries and copying files around… Installing the driver manually as a “dummy” effectively does all that for you anyway!

Cheers people! The guide at the top was the closest that I found to succeeding, and put me on the right track!

welcome screen as usual.

You restart, expecting a boot loader screen... followed the tutorial this far, and now you seem to only have XP... well not

quite, I wouldn't leave you hanging without giving you a proper dual boot.



here lies the only real issue with installing XP after Vista, but it's a quick fix if you have your Vista CDs/DVD handy.

The problem is that Vista and XP use different boot loader utilities in the MBR (Master Boot Record) of your hard drive. XP does

not recognize Vista, but Vista will recognize XP, so we need to remove the boot loader that XP just put in with the old

Vista boot loader. So restart once more, but this time with your Vista disc in the drive.